First, remove impurities.
Spinning is a science that studies the processing of short textile fibers into yarns. Generally, yarns are made by splicing many short fibers of different lengths, and by twisting a long continuous monofilament. In the process of spinning, first of all, it is necessary to remove the miscellaneous defects, that is, to preliminarily process the raw materials, also known as the preparation of spinning raw materials. Different kinds of raw materials, different types and properties of impurities, and different processing methods and techniques. The primary processing methods of raw materials mainly include physical methods (such as cotton ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp, scouring of silk) and the combination of physical and chemical methods (such as washing of wool and desalting of peat).
Two, loose solution
In order to process the disordered and closely connected fibers in the transverse direction into the longitudinal order, and the smooth yarn with certain requirements, it is necessary to change the massive fibers into a single fiber state, remove the transverse connection existing in the fiber raw materials, and establish a solid longitudinal connection of the head tail connection. The former is called the release of fibers, and the latter is called the collection of fibers. The loosening of fiber is to completely remove the transverse connection between fiber and fiber, but the damage of fiber must be reduced as much as possible. The aggregation of fibers is to reestablish the ordered longitudinal connection of the loosened fibers. This connection is continuous, and the distribution of fibers in the aggregation body should be uniform, with a certain linear density and strength at the same time. In addition, a certain twist is needed for fiber assembly. The assembly process is not completed at one time. It can only be completed after combing, drafting and twisting.
Three. Opening up
To loosen is to tear large fibers into small bundles. In a broad sense, the degumming of hemp is also a kind of opening. With the opening process, the connection between fibers and impurities is weakened, so that impurities can be removed and fibers can be mixed at the same time. The opening action and impurity removal are not completed in one time, but gradually realized through the reasonable configuration of tearing, striking and segmentation.
Four, comb
The carding function is that a large number of dense carding needles on the carding machine further loosen the fiber small pieces and bundles into a single state, thus further improving the fiber loosening. After carding, the transverse connection between fibers was basically removed, and the function of impurity removal and mixing was more sufficient. However, a large number of fibers are curved and have hooks, and there is still a certain horizontal connection between each fiber.
Five, combing
The carding function of comber is to use comber to conduct more detailed carding under the condition of holding both ends of fiber respectively. Combing machine can eliminate short fibers and small defects below a certain length, and make fibers more parallel and straight. Chemical fiber is usually not processed by comber because of its neat length, few impurities and good straightening and parallel state.
Six. Drafting
After carding, the sliver is drawn long and thin, and gradually reaches the predetermined thickness. This process is called drafting. It lays a foundation for the regular connection between the fibers. However, the draft will lead to uneven short segments of the yarn, so it is necessary to configure a reasonable draft device and process parameters.
Seven, twisting
Twisting is to twist the cord around its own axis, so that the fibers parallel to the axis of the cord are spiral, thus generating radial pressure to fix the longitudinal connection between the fibers.
Eight, winding
Winding semi-finished products or finished products into a certain form to facilitate storage, transportation and processing of the next process, which is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously without affecting the output and quality of the products. Efforts should be made to realize the continuous production between the processes and reduce the quality problems caused by the winding process as much as possible. In a word, spinning process generally includes raw material preparation, opening, carding, impurity removal, mixing, drawing, merging, twisting and winding.
